This is really fascinating read. Click HERE to know what I'm talking about.
One lesson I got from this is: More doesn't mean better.
In one of the videos about the child getting kidnapped I was so touched with what the two young man did. Imagine seeing a kid screaming for help and not doing anything. How horrible!
Is society REALLY like that?
I seriously hope not. Research and studies on human behavior can sometimes provide a pattern or a system of the human behavior but I believe its not permanent. We can always break out of this system. We just need to be conscious of what we do.
Its not simple but I believe in it.
People don't automatically fall into the bystander effect. It's just scary how we (in general) like to leave the responsibility to other people.
In my class there was once a case where my lecturer told the students at the back row to send a representative to come down and get some papers to distribute to the group of students who sit at the back. This would require only ONE student to come down. Yet the decision made for ONE student to volunteer to come down took more than 5 minutes. Imagine the exasperation. My lecturer actually yelled "What? ARE YOU DEAF? I said COME DOWN TO GET THE PAPER!!!!!" Do you see what happened? The students in the back row assumes that someone other than themself would go down to get the papers and in the end no one made a move. Only when my lecturer yelled did some students begin to move.
Its really exasperating! A decision that could be made within miliseconds turned to 5 minutes just because everyone in the back assume someone would do it. And this was a simple decision to make. Just stand up and go. It's not like they had to save someone or jump in a river or something. So imagine if you saw a person drowning. How many minutes do you think you'll take if there were other bystanders with you? I think by the time you made a decision the person would have already drowned.
I find human psychology my favourite study. I recommend others who like this field to read BLINK. BLINK is a book written by Malcolm Gladwell delving into the topic of human psychology in cases where we have to make snap judgement. The power of thinking without thinking. Somewhere along the lines of your subconscious mind.
How often do you find yourself regretting over what you did? Or maybe thinking why you did such a thing? Maybe you didn't have much time to think over what you did. Or maybe you just did what first came to mind.
Blink underlines studies on stereotyping, preconceptions and the effect of pressure or duress towards our actions and our decisions.
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One really interesting case in the book caught my interest.
"Tragedy on Wheeler Avenue"
4 police men driving by a neighbourhood late at night came across a young black man. They were driving pass and so they couldn't see him well. One thing they noticed other than the fact he was black, was that he was a small man. What does small mean? - It means he's got a gun. -
Its 12:30 in the morning and he's alone in a lousy neighbourhood. The preconception -he's got a gun.
The policemen believe that if he was alone in that neighbourhood he wouldn't dare come outside his apartment alone. Therefore, they believed him to have a gun. Or else where did he get the bravery to come out alone? (THIS is not fact. They just came up with this reasoning not based on any solid information but on their own belief that if he's black and in a lousy neighbourhood in the late hours it means he has a gun. I know this sounds irrational but if you were the police wouldn't you think so too? Try ask yourself and picture yourself in their shoes before you judge them.)
They stopped the car, 2 police came out and called out to the man, "Police. Can we have a word?"
The man panicked; terror was written all over his face. Why wouldn't he be afraid? 2 big white man are coming towards him at that late an time, so he ran. Now this then turns into a pursuit.
Here's another fact: The policemen are new to the neighbourhood AND new to the street crime unit.
Guess what happens during the pursuit?
The police men's heart rate soars. The pressure is on and they don't know how to handle it.
The man turns sideways upon reaching his apartment door and digs something in his pocket.
AND all hell breaks loose.
"He's got a gun!" And they began shooting.
After 41 bullets were shot, the boss went to the body and checks it.
"Where's the fucking gun!?"
One police officer runs up the street and another sits next to the bullet-ridden body and starts to cry.
This story from the book underlines the dangers of our preconceptions and stereotype.
The policemen saw that he was a black man in a lousy neighbourhood and came up with the conclusion that the man had a gun. You might think that this situation happened for probably more than 10 minutes. Fact is that it happened in a few seconds. Around 1000 seconds but these few seconds were enough steps and decisions to fill a lifetime.
Other books by Malcolm Gladwell are Tipping Point and Outliers. I got them both but have yet to read them.
Hope you'll read them too. (Here's another link to a review on BLINK)
And one last link which i find interesting...
Chao~!
Wednesday, February 17, 2010
Bystander Effect
Monday, December 7, 2009
Ustaz, kenapa susah nak ingat bila menghafal ? Saya dah hafal la ustaz, tapi lupa!.
Ucapan begini biasa dijawab oleh pelajar bila disoal makna sesuatu perkataan Bahasa Arab. Tips kali ini akan diterangkan teknik-teknik untuk mengingati sesuatu hafalan. Tips ini umum untuk semua subjek yang memerlukan pelajar mengingati sesuatu ilmu. Bukan terhad subjek Bahasa Arab sahaja.
Allah mengurniakan tahap kecerdasan akal fikiran yang berbeza-beza kepada manusia. Ada yang kuat ingatan, ada yang sederhana dan ada yang lemah. Pelajar yang bijak dan kuat ingatan memadai dengan hanya P&P dalam kelas telah menguasai sesuatu ilmu dengan baik. Itu adalah kurniaan Allah kepadanya dan amat jarang yang mendapat kelebihan seperti ini pada masa kini. Kebiasaannya pelajar memerlukan kepada ulangkaji yang berulang kali baru dapat menguasainya.
Kebanyakan pelajar biasanya berdepan dengan masalah sukar untuk mengingati ilmu yang dipelajari. Perkara yang perlu dilakukan oleh pelajar untuk mengatasi masalah ini ialah ;
PERTAMA : Menghindarkan diri daripada sebarang dosa. Dosa yang dilakukan mengakibatkan hati menjadi hitam. Inilah hijab yang menghalang untuk mendapat ilmu. Seorang pelajar hendaklah sentiasa menghindarkan diri daripada sebarang dosa agar ilmu mudah diperolehi. Terdapat pelajar yang boleh mengingati isi kandungan yang diajar oleh gurunya walau pun tidak mengulang kaji pada waktu lain. Kenapa ?. kerana hatinya suci bersih dan berkat.
KEDUA : Tingkatkan amalan kerohanian dan amal soleh untuk membersihkan hati dan untuk memperolehi keberkatan daripada Allah SWT. Sentiasa menjaga solat fardu, menunaikan solat-solat sunat, berzikir, membaca al-Quran setiap hari dengan perhatikan makna-maknanya. Amalan-amalan soleh ini akan mencapai keberkatan daripada Allah SWT dalam menuntut ilmu.
KETIGA : Menghafal dalam keadaan fizikal yang sejahtera dan segar, minda yang lapang dan rehat. Mengingati sesuatu merupakan proses yang berat ditanggung oleh akal. Ia memerlukan tenaga yang sempurna daripada tubuh badan yang cergas. Proses mengingati ilmu akan menjadi sukar bila fizikal dalam keadaan letih seperti mata yang mengantuk dan sebagainya. Sekiranya anda dalam keadaan begini dinasihatkan melakukan perkara yang lebih ringan seperti menyalin nota atau membuat latihan-latihan mudah. Kalau menghafal pun hanya akan membuang masa. Dapatkan rehat yang secukupnya untuk mengembalikan kecergasan. Rehat yang terbaik ialah tidur yang mencukupi dan waktu minda yang lapang ialah selepas bangkit dari tidur. Sebab itu kita dapati ramai pelajar yang cemerlang memanfaatkan masa pada awal pagi untuk mengulang kaji dan menghafal pelajaran.
KEEMPAT : Memberi tumpuan sepenuhnya semasa menghafal. Terdapat pelajar yang menghafal sambil mendengar muzik, menonton tv, menghantar sms dan lain-lain lagi. Kalau begini caranya menghafal sampai dua jam pun, dijamin gagal mengingatinya dengan sempurna. Kita hendaklah benar- benar fokus perkara yang ingin diingati tanpa memikirkan perkara lain. Allah jadikan akal manusia tidak dapat fokus terhadap dua perkara dalam satu masa. Ini adalah fitrah kejadian manusia. Walau pun tidak dinafikan terdapat pelajar yang dapat mengulang kaji pelajaran sambil mendengar muzik dan sebagainya. Ulangkaji dan menghafal adalah dua perkara yang berbeza.
KELIMA : lafazkan hafalan anda sehingga didengari oleh telinga anda sendiri. Bila mulut yang menyebut, telinga yang mendengar dan mata yang memandang akan memudahkan akal menerima hafalan tersebut berbanding menghafal tanpa bersuara. Kenapa anda dapat mengingati lagu Inggeris dan Hidustan?. Jawapannya ialah kerana biasa mendengar berulang kali. Inilah kehebatan nikmat mendengar yang merupakan salah satu sumber ilmu.
KEENAM : Ulangi hafalan anda sehingga benar-benar mantap. Tiada had berapa kali yang perlu diulang. Selagi hafalan masih samar dan kabur, ulangi berulang kali. Jangan rasa jemu dan mudah berputus asa. Lebih memudahkan untuk mengingati bila difahami kandungan yang dihafal. Contohnya kita mampu mengingati ayat al-Quran yang dihafal tapi lebih mudah kita mengingatinya dengan difahami makna ayat-ayat tersebut.
KETUJUH : Tulis perkara yang anda hafal tanpa melihat teks. Perkara ini penting untuk memastikan ingatan anda benar-benar mantap atau sebaliknya. Ia juga baik untuk mengelakkan berlaku kesilapan bila menjawab soalan yang sebenar. Semak hafalan yang ditulis tadi dengan teks sebenar. sekiranya terdapat kesilapan, ulangi menghafal sekali lagi sehingga benar-benar diingati .
KELAPAN : Istiqamah dalam menghafal. Untuk mengingati ilmu adalah mustahil hanya dengan sekali hafalan. Hafalan secara berkala dan sistematik perlu dipraktikkan setiap masa. Hafalan boleh dikategorikan kepada dua jenis iaitu hafalan baru dan hafalan lama. Ilmu yang telah diingati jangan dibiarkan begitu sahaja. Ia perlu di‘refresh’ secara berkala bergantung kepada sejauh mana kemantapan sesuatu hafalan. Jangan sia-siakan masa yang telah dihabiskan untuk mengingatinya, kemudian dibiarkan lupa begitu sahaja. Kesimpulannya, hendaklah disediakan jadual pembelajaran untuk membahagikan masa antara hafalan baru dan ‘refresh’ hafalan lama.
KESEPULUH : Tampal nota atau bahan yang penting di tempat yang biasa dan kerap dilihat. Ini bertujuan memantapkan hafalan yang penting seperti formula sains atau matematik. Bila diyakini mantap, gantikan dengan nota yang lain. Buangkan gambar-gambar artis kesayangan atau poster yang tidak berfaedah. Hiasi bilik ‘study’ anda dengan perkataan, formula dan ilmu yang bermanfaat.
KESEBELAS : Tips yang terakhir ialah doa dan tawakkal. Pastikan setiap usaha yang anda lakukan seiring dengan pergantungan dan penyerahan diri kepada Allah Yang Maha Pengurnia. Dialah yang menguatkan ingatan, Dialah yang Melupakan. Semuanya dalam KekuasaanNya. Oleh itu, setiap kali sama ada sebelum atau selepas menghafal panjatkan doa kepadaNya tanpa rasa jemu. Yakinlah bahawa doa anda itu akan diterima dan sentisa berbaik sangka dengan Allah. Sekurang-kurangnya anda akan mendapat pahala kerana doa itu adalah satu ibadat. Tidak akan rugi dan menyesal seseorang yang banyak berdoa di akhirat kelak.
Mudah-mudahan sebelas tips yang dinyatakan ini dapat dijadikan panduan dan semoga membantu anda mengingati ilmu yang dipelajari walau pun teknik dan pendekatan belajar berbeza-beza di kalangan pelajar.
WALLAHU TA’ALA A’LAM
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http://halaqah.net/v10/index.php?PHPSESSID=c2hafu1us7mda3ta9cm1ggno61&page=354 Read More......Friday, October 2, 2009
Be Creative
There isn't just one way of doing things; be creative.
Many students seem to think that studying involves books, books and more books (and a little help from lecturers/teachers)
Why do we confine ourselves to just studying in this manner?
I was browsing through Facebook and found this link "NAruhodo Factor".
Studying can be done in countless manner. Through experience, through the internet, through YouTube, through manga/comics, and through open debates and group study.
The purpose of this post is to get my fellow friends to see that Naruhodo factor that effects us all.
Each person has their own unique studying style. Don't try to imitate other people's style. Discover your own style and be creative when studying.
The environment you study in also plays an important role in stimulating your concentration.
(But if music helps you concentrate please take care not to blast music too loud and disrupt your neighbours concentration). Some find studying at Cafe's or library or parks to be more enjoyable rather than your own room. (Like me I prefer cafe :D)
I recommend you read books on our mind to better understand yourself. What better way to enhance your capabilities than to get to know yourself.
Outliers and other Malcolm Gladwell books are a real mind-opener and gets you thinking about things you never thought of. Its heavy reading and I suggest you read it a couple of times to actually gauge the information the author tries to convey (I read it once and still am confuse.)
Last but not least, all the best to all MMU-ians for the finals!
Salam~
Wednesday, July 1, 2009
Contract Law
Contract Law
Did you know that an everday transaction such as buying a snack from a grocery store or even the act of talking is governed by the law.
Differing from the popular concept of 'freedom of speech' we all know that our freedom of speech is controlled by the law.
So here I am about to share with you what I learned in my lecture today. An extra education for those who do not know and a revision for those who do know.
Section 2(h) of the Contract Law Act, 1950 states that an agreement enforceable by law is a contract.
An agreement (based on section 2(e) of the contract Law 1950) is a promise with every set of promises that is formed with a consederation for each other.
Take for example;
You recieve an offer from MMU to further your study. And you accept that offer. Thus you are entering a contract with MMU.
Remember this: Contract is not necessarily written. It can be it terms of conduct or an oral agreement. Having it written makes it easier to prove in court.
However, there is an acception. This is called the postal rule.
If the person accepts the offer through post, then it is considered accepted the moment the post is sent. Not the moment it is recieved.
A Contract is like a cake. A cake requires ingredients, without it the cake is not a cake.
A Contract like any cake requires its ingredients. There are 8 elements of contract:
1. Offer
2. Acceptance
3. Consideration
4. Capacity to contract
5. Intention to create legal relations
6. Free consent
7. Certainty of Terms
8. Valid Object
9. Formality
Without one of these elements, the contract is void and not legally enforceable.
However not all agreements are contract even though all contracts are agreements.
Take for example your dad promises to buy you a Merc if you score all A's in your exam.
But when you come back with your results, your dad says "haha. Gotcha."
Now this is a social and family agreement. Thus it is not enforceable by law.
On the other hand if you work for your dad and he doesnt pay you your salary then you are in a professional agreement. One which is legally enforceable.
Thats all to share today~
Hope you learned something as I did. Any questions feel free to leave a comment and I'll try my utmost best to answer.
Salam